A building system using concrete "waffle slab" floors supported by columns. The waffle slab is a monolithic-poured concrete slab with a flat top surface and an under-surface made of a rectangular grid of deep concrete beams running at right angl...

In animal facilities, the coatings and devices used to protect the walls from damage by moving equipment; e.g., epoxy paint, railing, corner guards, jamb protection, etc. ...

In laboratories, the plumbing that carries liquid waste from the lab areas to a centralized processing station. Usually kept separate from sewage lines in the building to allow special waste processing before the lab waste is injected into public sewer sy...

Denotes an absence of impurities such that the distilled water can be injected into the human body without causing a fever....

Heat pumps are refrigeration machines that use changes in pressure to enable a refrigerant to transfer heat by condensing and evaporating at different temperatures. The key to the system is the refrigerant, such as freon, which can evaporate or condense a...

The power requirements of a building. The use of demand watts is preferable since the demand usage can be actually measured. Connected watts must be developed from a survey of the space. The area used in any calculation of watts per square foot may be ren...

The design of visual cues including lighting, color, artwork and surface materials that help facilities occupants and visitors orient themselves and find their destination....

A system that is written entirely in Web language. It doesn’t rely on a back end, so the entire application is exposed to the Web. ...

Taking something that is not natively written for the Web and reformatting it or writing code to expose it to the Web. ...

In the pre-manufactured building industry, a weld plate attaches a modular building to a permanent foundation and provides seismic resistance. The weld plate is a 6" x 9" x 3/8" steel plate with hooks that is placed in wet cement. When it h...

A floor used to routinely collect, contain or maintain standing liquids or to transmit standing liquids on a more or less continuous basis....

A laboratory where chemicals, microbiological agents, bunsen burners, sinks, distilled water, etc. the "wet" stuff of science, are used. See Dry Lab....

See Water for Injection....

Flexible conduit located in underflooring, in ceiling spaces or in a wall. It has a plug at one end and a duplex or fourplex outlet at the other and can be easily unplugged from a junction box and moved to another outlet. Whips allow flexibility at a low ...

Noise that contains all sound frequencies. It is often used for sound masking in offices and work areas. In a uniform frequency distribution, there are more high frequencies than low frequencies, and high frequency noise tends to irritate people. "Pi...

R&D expenditures into an emerging technology for the purpose of gaining access to a new field without a clearly defined product or technology development goal....

Refers to planning, directing and controlling the electrical and electronic hookups in a building in order to meet the various and changing requirements for office equipment, communications systems, security, lighting and power. Wire management is becomin...

A wood moisture meter can be used to determine the moisture content of wood. Wet or dry determinations can be made by visual observation and touch. Quantitative assessments are possible with a moisture meter. ...

Work is the product of the force acting on an object and the distance the object is moved. The units are the same as for energy: Btu, erg, joule, kilowatt-hour, foot-pound, electron volt, calorie. See also Power and Energy....

Is physical training in lifting, working muscle groups, etc. for personnel moving into jobs that require more physical exertion than their previous job. Such training may reduce the occurrence of job-related injuries. A gym setting with trainers would be ...

The organization of workers functionally and/or administratively as a unit with a unique and definable mission. The workgroup is coordinated by a single manager or supervisor. Although workgroups in an organization have a mission that makes them unique, i...

Drawings intended for use by a contractor. These documents are considered part of the contract documents and contain enough detailed information to erect a structure....

The entire office environment: floors, ceilings, walls, furnishings, wiring, lighting, heating, air conditioning and business machines of all kinds. Workplace is far more inclusive than "workstation."...

Personal computer. Also the space allotted to one worker. Also computers with intensive processing capabilities, similar to those of a small mainframe computer. See also Microcomputer....

The formation of a wrinkled surface in the top coat of paint due to an excessively thick application of coating or to slow drying conditions....