Animal Research

Newly designed, individually ventilated cages (IVCs) can potentially reduce HVAC costs by up to 75 percent and improve living conditions for the mice inside. The bedding sits on a perforated false floor, which is suspended over the normal cage floor to create an air plenum. Air percolates up from the plenum, through the false floor and bedding, and out the top of the cage. This airflow maintains a low relative humidity in the cage and actively dries the bedding.

Midwestern University is building the $100 million College of Veterinary Medicine in Glendale, Ariz. The project includes a 50,000-sf large animal teaching facility, a 76,000-sf academic building, and a 100,000-sf small animal clinic. Ground was broken on the facility in early 2013 and occupancy is expected in fall of 2014.

The University of Miami is building the 37,000-sf Neuroscience and Health Annex in Coral Gables, Fla. The interdisciplinary facility will enable scientists from the departments of biology and psychology to collaborate with researchers from the Miller School of Medicine. The three-story project is partially funded by $14.8 million in federal stimulus funding and will provide research labs, offices, a vivarium, and a human functional magnetic resonance imaging lab (HFMRI). LEED Silver sustainable design certification will be sought for the facility.

The recently opened Translational Research Institute (TRI) in Brisbane, Australia, combines four major research institutes into a single medical and biopharmaceutical research facility where new treatments can be developed, manufactured, and clinically tested in one location, greatly shortening the time between discovery and application.

What began as an effort to increase the mouse cage density in the vivarium at the Seattle Children’s Research Institute (SCRI) has evolved into an opportunity to improve efficiency and animal care by using Lean principles. Getting to that point revealed interesting data on how often it is necessary to change mouse cages.

Emory University began occupying the $90 million Health Sciences Research Building in Atlanta in June of 2013. Designed by ZGF Architects and built by Brasfield & Gorrie, the 200,000-sf facility provides open labs for research on immunology and vaccines, neurosciences, drug discovery, pediatric health, cancer, gastroenterology, biomedical engineering, and human genetics.

Cage and rack washers, while not the industry standard for large-scale animal cage washing, are more efficient and cost-effective to operate than tunnel washers, according to a study by two Boston architects with decades of experience designing animal facilities. Their research shows that the long-term operating savings compensates for the higher up-front cost.

Ground was officially broken on the $1.2 billion National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility on May 28, 2013. Located on the Manhattan campus of Kansas State University, the 574,000-gsf facility will support research on infectious disease agents and will contain BSL-4, BSL-3, BSL-3Ag, and BSL-2 laboratories. The first phase of the project is an $80 million, 87,000-sf central utility plant that is being built by joint venture partners McCarthy Building Companies and Mortenson Construction.

Research space at academic institutions increased 3.5 percent from fiscal year 2009 to 2011, one of the lowest two-year growth rates since a peak in 2001-03, according to the National Science Foundation's (NSF) most recent Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities. In that time period—the most recent data the NSF has—institutions planned fewer projects, and fewer projects came to fruition, an indicator that this "slow growth" trend will continue. The main growth area continued to be the biological and biomedical sciences.

Continued signs of stable economic growth indicate that the recovery is gaining momentum in many parts of the United States and Canada. Construction selling prices for institutional projects grew at a 6 percent annualized rate in 2012, on top of a 3 percent increase in 2011. Construction costs are expected to continue stabilizing and rising in many regions as market confidence and capital spending increase.

The University of British Columbia Centre for Comparative Medicine (CCM) is unique to British Columbia and is the largest facility of its kind in Western Canada. Spanning over 53,800 sf (5,000 square meters), the UBC CCM provides the flexibility to house and conduct research on medium- to large-sized animals and a variety of zoological species.

The Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory expanded and renovated its 19,500-sf laboratory in Amarillo to add a BSL-3 suite, the state's second such laboratory dedicated to animal disease diagnosis. The lab is designed to function primarily as a BSL-2, but contains built-in features and SOPs that allow it to convert to BSL-3 in the event of a suspected outbreak of a highly contagious animal and/or zoonotic disease.

The University of British Columbia's (UBC) state-of-the-art Centre for Comparative Medicine (CCM) demonstrates how providing an optimal environment for a variety of species not only is positive from an ethical standpoint, but also fosters better scientific research and can be a good business decision.

The Jackson Laboratory is building a four-story, 189,000-sf biomedical research facility in Farmington, Conn. Designed by Tsoi/Kobus Associates and Centerbrook Architects, the $135 million JAX Genomic Medicine building will house 300 researchers, technicians, and staff. The project is located on 17 acres at the University of Connecticut Health Science Center. Construction began on the facility in early 2013 and completion is expected in fall of 2014.

New technologies and approaches are making the renovation of academic science facilities a more financially attractive option for institutions facing limited budgets, constrained real estate, and aging buildings with prominent historic legacies. Recent data suggests that, depending on the type of technology applied, institutions can achieve significant savings by renovating existing buildings to meet the needs of modern science as opposed to demolishing and building new.